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Steering a Ship Amidst Stormy Seas: How Anxiety Can Affect Executive Functions and What You Can Do About It

executive functions

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our lives on an unprecedented scale.

With the social distancing measures and enhanced community quarantine, many people around the world have to contend with a “new normal”.  In a snap of a finger, our lives have suddenly changed. The old routines we used to have that put order into our lives and made us feel safe have to be set aside for new ways of living.  Our situation demands us to make dramatic adjustments in a very short span of time. We are compelled to come to terms with the loss of certain freedoms and continue carrying on despite uncertainty and fear.   On top of these, we experience the constant feelings of unease and worry, perhaps even pain and grief, over how COVID-19 has affected our lives and those of our loved ones. 

During this difficult time in our lives, we need to keep our wits about us. We need to be focused, flexible, and exercise frustration tolerance.  In other words, we need our executive functions to do its job so that we can adapt effectively. When we talk about executive functions, we refer to those set of higher skills we all have which help us plan and organize, solve problems, remember things, make decisions, keep our impulses and emotions in check, and achieve things we set out to do.

Our executive functions help us adapt to change.

However, when we are in a state of heightened or ongoing stress, or when our anxiety intensifies and gets too overwhelming, it affects our executive functions.  

The way our brain works is that the prefrontal cortex, or the part of the brain used for thinking and regulating/controlling, interact with the deeper structures of our brain called limbic system, which have to do with emotions and motivation. Whenever our emotions become too intense particularly when we are faced with something threatening or dangerous, and we are in state of constant stress, these deeper limbic structures tend to take over, overpowering the thinking, regulating parts of the brain. We shift to a feeling mode, rather than a thinking mode. The fight-flight-freeze response kicks in.  

How can anxiety and chronic stress affect the way our executive functions work?

  • Impulse and emotional control – We tend to react based on our feelings at the moment. We make rash decisions, some of which are driven by our fears. We get more irritable or become easily annoyed. Our emotions get the best of us. 
  • Working memory –  When we are very anxious, it’s very hard to concentrate and remember what we need to keep in mind. we could be making mental notes of things we need to do, but we lose track of what they are.  So we might be making a trip to the grocery store only to forget an important item or two we were meaning to buy.  Or, we want to remember a lot of things at the same time, like the different numbers to ways to access an online store or hospital, how to maintain proper hygiene, or what COVID-19 symptoms to look out for. But, because we are being bombarded with so much information day after day, our brain reaches its limit and we up “mentally losing” or forgetting the information we want to remember.  
  • Saliency determination – In other words, figuring out and focusing on what we think is important. When we are very anxious and stressed, we might lose sight of the big picture. Instead, we get tunnel vision. We have an increased vigilance about what’s threatening. This means what we pay more attention to the negative, worrisome information for instance those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, because it feels more important at the moment. However, we end up disregarding our positive or hopeful sources of information we need to cope in a healthy way.  
  • Task initiation or completion – When we get overwhelmed by anxiety, we tend to put things off, especially those that demand so much thinking and analyzing. So for those of us working from home, we might experience difficulty starting on a work-related email or report.  Sometimes, we set aside the chores or tasks we need to attend to, and prefer to distract ourselves with other activities. 
  • Flexibility – This refers to our capacity to shift our perspective, the ease in which we transition from an old to a new routine, and our ability to creatively problem solve and adapt. The rapid yet dramatic changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic challenges our flexibility. Some of us might feel very stressed and uncomfortable having to stay home if we are used to an active social life. We feel inconvenienced and irritated by the sudden change in our routine. Others might have to learn new ways of using or maximizing technology, especially those working from home and managing work online.  We have to find new ways to keep busy, earn a living and stay healthy. And sometimes, it’s easier said than done, especially when our brains are already wired towards certain habits that we’ve grown accustomed to. 

So, how do we keep our wits about us to manage our day to day life despite living at a time of chronic stress and uncertainty?

How do we use our executive functions to stay anchored in the midst of a great storm? 

  • Do something calming. Instead of telling yourself to “Calm down!”, do something calming instead.  It’s important that you first find ways to reasonably tame your anxiety so that you can effectively apply executive function skills. Think about things you typically do that calm you down. It works better if these consists of healthy or health-promoting activities. Write this down in a list and pick from any of these activities whenever you feel overwhelmed. Another think you can do is make a new routine. Routines are also calming. Create a sense of predictability within your home by using routines or schedules for working, eating, sleeping, and other pleasurable, leisure activities. If you feel overwhelmed, take a step back from whatever you’re doing. Try to decrease the stimulation by going to a quiet room and do some slow breathing. Gaze softly at the movement of the leaves outside your window or the clouds passing by. If you feel agitated, try doing some slow, mindful movements.  
  • Activate your inner observer. Each of us has the ability for metacognition, which  means our awareness and understanding of our thought processes. By activating your inner observer, you track what is going on in your mind and become aware when you are already experiencing lapses in your executive functions or when you’re already letting your emotions get the best of you. This momentary pause will give you the opportunity to make a wiser choice about how to best respond, rather than react, to the given situation. 
  • Use strategies. If you recognize that stress and anxiety make it very hard for you to stay productive, remember things, or manage your home effectively, it’s okay. You don’t need to pressure yourself with mental calisthenics to overcome these weaknesses. Instead, why not use some strategies to help your brain along? For example:
    • If you feel yourself becoming more forgetful when you’re anxious, write things down or record this in your cellphone.
    • Use a calendar app for reminders if this works for you.
    • Color code tasks you’ve written down in your to-do list so you can easily see which are more urgent than others. 

If you feel like you’re getting stuck or you’ve ran out of solutions, gather more information or tips to give you more ideas.  Those working from home might find it hard to start on job-related tasks. You could begin with easier ones to get those wheels turning before moving on to the harder tasks.  

  • Use a growth mindset  and practicing self-compassion – You don’t need to beat yourself up over executive function lapses or mistakes. Instead, use these as opportunities to learn, to figure out what works for you and what doesn’t. In a way, whenever we are taken out of comfortable habits or routines and thrust into unfamiliar territory, this is actually a learning opportunity for all of us. Any chance to test our limits and creativity, to firm up our frustration tolerance, and discover things about ourselves outside of our comfort zone, is a learning opportunity.  More importantly, we should give ourselves generous doses of self-compassion – or being warm and kind towards ourselves when we make mistakes, fall short, and encounter personal shortcomings.  After all, we are all imperfect in some way or the other!

If you skimmed through the post, here’s a summary

Anxiety and stress can affect how your executive functions work. It interferes with your capacity to stay focused, organized, remember things, make decisions, finish tasks, and be a flexible problem solver.  You become reactive rather than responsive. In order to gain a handle on anxiety and allow your executive functions to work well for you, you first need to do something calming, pause from time to time and check your thoughts and feelings, use strategies to help you get around those weaknesses. And more importantly, use these challenges as learning experiences and temper these with a good dose of warmth and kindness towards yourself.  

Take care everyone! 

*Executive Functioning (EF) coaching is one of the clinical services offered by We Thrive. Contact us today to learn more.

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Welcoming Ourselves Home

This holiday season is like no other, marking the closing of an indescribable
year, for which hyperbole falls short.  We were in a collective roller coaster of emotions.
Most certainly, we’ve had our share of shock, disbelief, confusion, sadness, grief, anger, fear, panic, exhaustion, numbness…Although perhaps just as real and present were moments of relief, calmness, openness, hope, warmth, kinship, and even gratitude. We’ve played host to this psychedelic rainbow of feelings. Being hospitable to how we feel is not always easy.
Many times, we don’t even want to pay attention to its knocking, until it forcefully barges right in!

We are not wired to welcome our difficult feelings, of which we’ve all had a great deal of in this time of planetary crisis.  It’s a self-protective mechanism we’ve inherited from our ancestors to keep ourselves at a distance from danger. However, unfortunately, this inherent threat response can tag our own emotions as unsafe. The unhealthy consequence of keeping the door shut to our emotional experiences is that we become estranged to ourselves. We lose the opportunity to accept, understand, and love ourselves more deeply. More often than not, our feelings are not asking more than simply to be validated, that is to acknowledge their presence without being judged or dismissed. They just need a place to lay down and rest for a while.

            The holidays can be a time of busyness, stress, and distraction.
Giving in to these “holiday demands” could lead to even more emotional distress and shortchange us from the true gifts this season has to offer.

This year of radical change and disruption gives us a most compelling invitation to practice the warmest hospitality to our inner lives. We can choose to open the door into moments of silence and solitude, creating a manger for the wisdom and growth that can bud within us, when we choose to pause and look inside, see how we really are, appreciate who and what we have, ask what truly matters to us, and allow our experiences to be our teachers. Research on wellbeing tells us that cultivating wellbeing rests on our practice of awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. It all begins with opening the door and being hospitable to ourselves. Karl Rahner, a Jesuit theological scholar, said about Christmas,

“This feast takes place within you, even within your very self. It takes place within you when you are silent…”

We can make wellbeing the centerpiece of our feasting in these most extraordinary times. Find quiet moments, read a book that makes you happy,  make an inventory of what you’re grateful for, put your planning mind on pause, flow into moments of connection with loved ones, meditate and pray, write on your journal, spend time enjoying the living world. There are varied and creative ways to experience being present to ourselves. Open the door and let yourself in.

We Thrive’s Suggested Resources for Wellbeing During the Holidays:

www.gratefulness.org

www.selfcompassion.org

https://centerhealthyminds.org/about/why-well-being

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Self-Compassion Practice: The Benefits of Dialing Down Our Critical Self-Talk

critical self-talk

“Self-compassion-being supportive and kind to yourself, especially in the face of stress and failure-is associated with more motivation and better self-control.”

— Kelly McGonigal, Health Psychologist at Stanford University

The human brain is naturally equipped to respond to threat. This is an important mechanism that allows us to detect when there are situations that pose danger to our survival, and consequently to respond in ways that ensure our safety. When human beings used to live in primitive and harsh conditions, survival mostly meant being able to protect oneself and one’s tribe from physical danger, such as being attacked by predatory animals. Now in our modern life, we no longer have to fight or flee from tigers and bears. But we deal with new forms of threat, which trigger the same stress response in our brain and nervous system.

One of the most pressing and prevalent threat triggers we experience is our own harsh and critical self-talk, that voice inside our head that is so quick to call out on our mistakes and imperfections—“You should have known better,” “Could you not have anticipated that?” “Someone else would have been able to figure it out.” This harsh self-critic could be our internal mechanism for avoiding the emotional dangers of rejection and social disapproval. But when we engage in self-judgmental talk, it’s like we’re letting out the old tigers and bears to roam our minds and prey on our own emotional wellbeing. Critical self-talk heightens our stress arousal, which undermines our mental and physical resilience and blocks our personal growth. 

There is a different way that we could relate and speak to ourselves.

Self-compassion is a practice that has been shown in many studies to have beneficial effects on our mental health and wellbeing. These include:

  • less self-evaluative anxiety and rumination
  • deactivation of threat system and defensiveness
  • activation of self-soothing response in the nervous system
  • decreased effect of negative life events
  • increased happiness levels.

Dr. Kristin Neff, a pioneering researcher on self-compassion explains

“Self-compassion involves acting the same way towards yourself as you would towards a good friend when you are having a difficult time, fail, or notice something you don’t like about yourself. Instead of just ignoring your pain with a ‘stiff upper lip’ mentality, you stop to tell yourself “this is really difficult right now,” how can I comfort and care for myself in this moment? Instead of mercilessly judging and criticizing yourself for various inadequacies or shortcomings, self-compassion means you are kind and understanding when confronted with personal failings – after all, who ever said you were supposed to be perfect?”

Self-compassion is hands-down a better option for our mental health and productivity than feeding into self-criticism. But our inner self-talk is a product of habit and the modeling we received in our life. We sometimes falsely assume that success requires us to be hard on ourselves in order to get better at what we do. It takes awareness and intentional practice to free ourselves from our false assumptions and to shift our default inner dialogue into one that is kinder, more compassionate, and ultimately more effective in bringing out the best in who we are. How then can we dial down on self-criticism and turn up the dial on self-compassion?

We invite you to try these self-compassion practices to begin taking more control of the programming that goes on in your internal broadcast system. Experience the positive transformation that happens when you can turn to yourself with love, understanding, and compassion.  As we practice self-compassion, Dr. Neff reminds us that, “it is a practice of goodwill, not good feelings.” In other words, while self-compassion is aimed at alleviating our internal suffering, we can’t always control the way things are.

Self-compassion is not about making our pain go away by suppressing it or fighting against it.

“With self-compassion we mindfully accept when we have difficult or painful moments, and embrace ourselves with kindness and care in response, remembering that imperfection is part of the shared human experience. This allows us to hold ourselves in love and connection, giving ourselves the support and comfort needed to bear the pain, while providing the optimal conditions for growth and transformation.”

SELF-COMPASSION PRACTICES

(adapted from www.selfcompassion.org)

1. How would I treat a friend?

When you find yourself struggling in some way, ask yourself, how would I treat a good friend or someone I care about if that person were in a similar situation? Turn to yourself in this moment of difficulty in the same way you would towards a friend.

2. Be mindful of self-critical talk.

Notice when you are being self-critical. Think about what you’ve just said to yourself and maybe ask if this voice reminds you of anyone in the past who was critical of you? Make a conscious effort to soften the self-critical voice. Perhaps say something like, “I know you’re worried about me and feel unsafe, but you are causing me unnecessary pain. Could you let my inner compassionate self say a few words now?”

3. Use self-compassionate motivation.

If you observe something in yourself that needs to change, see if you can think of a kinder, more caring way to motivate yourself to make that change. Reframe your inner dialogue so that it is more encouraging and supportive. Remember that if you really want to motivate yourself, love is more powerful than fear.

4. Care for the caregiver in you.

If you’re someone who is always in the position of caring for others, try caring for the caregiver in you. Give yourself permission to meet your own needs, recognizing that this will not only enhance your quality of life, it will also enhance your ability to be there for those that rely on you.

Which self-compassion practice have you tried? Which one are you willing to start today?

Contact us to learn more about how to practice self-compassion and wellbeing practices we teach at We Thrive.